Characteristic Impedance is the most fundamental electrical parameter in printed circuit board design. Impedance measurement is typically conducted using a Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR) or a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) in conjunction with suitable probes.

Arcanum Advanced Inc. has established TDR and VNA testing equipment to offer flexible options. It supports the following conditions:

• Support for Single-Ended and Differential Impedance Testing
• Support for both in-board* and Impedance Strip Testing
• Needle testing under BGA areas*
• Testing frequency - Up to 20 GHz
• Compliance with IPC TM 650 2.5.5.12 testing specifications.

In-board testing utilizes probe stations with microscopes for testing.